Burning on farrier photo

Photo by Antonia Steeg

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Problems with using a twitch

I haven’t been a big fan of using a twitch on horses for quite some time.

Some people argue that a twitch  might hurt the horse or are in others ways unkind. It’s my understanding that using a twitch correctly on the nose of a horse releases endorphins which are considered soothing to the horse and it’s these that (in theory) make the horse relax or stand still.

But in my experience, I’d rather have been under a horse that’s jumping around than one standing still with a twitch on.

There’s an element of danger getting the twitch on the nose in the first place. Most horses aren’t too keen for starters and a long wooden handle (if that’s the type of twitch you’re using) swinging around, a horse saying no thanks and a couple of people trying to get the twitch on can be a recipe for disaster. And then once the twitch is on, having somebody competent holding (and more importantly keeping hold of) the handle is a challenge in itself.

But none of these things are the main reasons I don’t like twitches and didn’t carry one in the truck when I was working in Farrierville.

Having a twitch on a horse can appear to work well for a while, get some horses to stand still and give the farrier enough time to get the job done quickly. In many cases – get the hind feet trimmed or that last shoe nailed on and clenched up before it all turns to custard.

But I’ve seen too many horses “snap” with a twitch on and I’d want to be nowhere close thanks very much when it happened! Here’s some of the usual stages we see the horse going through when using a twitch:

  1. put the twitch on
  2. horse licks his lips and chews – probably more from having something on his nose rather than the natural horsemanship theory of relaxing and accepting…
  3. horse starts to partly close his eyes
  4. horse sighs
  5. horse tilts his head slightly
  6. horse “calms down”
  7. farrier works like a man possessed to get the job done quickly and get outta there ASAP

But sometime during the 7th stage is when a horse can snap. Some might argue that there’s a time limit on how long the twitch will work and I agree, there is a limit but those horses that snap can do so at any time from a few minutes or any time afterwards.

So you’ve got a horse calm and standing whilst you work quickly. But the “snap” involves a humongous burst of sudden energy when his head throws around violently or legs flys in any and all directions with little regard to any human being in the way. All this is without any warning which as farriers know, is a great way to get hurt. It could be the horses system fights the endorphins and for a moment, it’s the system that gains the upper hand.

I’ve seen quite a number of horses snap like this with a twitch on and I think there are much better ways to get difficult horses done. And if things are really that bad, it might be better to say no thanks rather than get under a horse with a twitch on and get hurt.

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Odd feet on my dressage horse

Q: I have just bought a four-year-old I hope will be my dressage star of the future, but he has two very different front feet. His left front is upright while the right has very low heels. I believe he has Advanced/Grand Prix potential, but I worry that he hasn’t been balanced properly. I haven’t yet had my farrier attend him. Shouldn’t his feet look the same after they are trimmed and shod?

Mismatch, Taranaki

A: This may have been a better question to ask before making the purchase!

If the feet are particularly different as you describe then this is more likely to be a conformational issue than something as a result of how the feet have been trimmed.

On a perfectly put together horse, yes the feet should look the same after trimming or shoeing but we don’t ever see perfect horses and feet always require some level of corrective trimming at each farrier visit. After all, the need to trim any part of the hoof is done in an attempt to correct the hoof and angles and something farriers do all day. In this case from what you’ve told me, the extent and nature of the correction may require greater technical expertise.

In horses that have particularly different front feet, the amount of improvement that can be made with routine trimming and shoeing is limited. Unless the problem has been caused solely by poor trimming (and it would be difficult to get the job so wrong that this is likely) you might get some improvement with a strict and regular trimming/shoeing schedule (perhaps every 4-5 weeks) and, if your farrier thinks it would help, some specialist shoeing too.

Achieving Advanced/Grand Prix level may still be possible. After all, there are some horses competing at the highest levels with less than perfect conformation or feet. But having such odd feet is a problem that might cause issues in the future and it will be an on-going battle to keep on top of them so he can perform at the level you want to.

Your farrier may achieve some improvements but this isn’t a problem that can be completely fixed and will possibly deteriorate in the years to come.

David Hankin Dip.WCF

This question and answer first appeared in NZ Horse & Pony magazine July 2011

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Farrier clients – giving them the freedom of choice

There’s plenty of advice around about how farriers should look after their clients (the owners that is).

Many of the core service business principles apply (or at least, should apply) to farriers and their businesses. After all, farriery is just another service industry albeit with some difference. I guess most farriers could read some books off the shelf from their local bookstore on customer care. Farriery is very customer centric. Most farriers have the owners (their customers) present during the farrier appointment and even if they’re left alone to do the job, the fact remains that we’re working with somebody’s pride and joy – their precious horse. Anybody who has done the job understands how easy it can be to win a customer over through some casual friendly chat as we work away but also how easy it is to really upset somebody by saying the wrong thing by mistake. Sometimes, these two extremes aren’t very far apart from one another! Maybe horse owners are sometimes sensitive and maybe farriers can sometimes be blunt. Who knows…

I like the approach of farriers giving their customers choice and freedom.

Over the years, I’ve seen all sorts of different approaches by farriers to keep their clients coming back. Many of the tactics have been an attempt to lock in their client in some way or another and to manipulate the client to do what the farrier wants.

For example, farriers saying to clients, “if you use a different farrier, I won’t come back”. Now this is fine if the farrier is so busy that he can replace the lost client and be confident that he’ll never need to go back. But in this day and age where there is generally less work around in many areas than there was a few years ago and many farriers can’t afford to say never again.

What I prefer is to see farriers confident in their workmanship and quality of service that clients want to come back and rebook rather than coming back through fear of losing something.

I had some clients over the years who would say something like, “the farrier in the next town shoes this way, or he offers his clients this, or he charges that”. My response was usually to encourage the client to try the guy down the road. And to come back to me afterwards if they wanted to. More often than not, they’d realise that the other guy had some flaws – either without trying him or sometimes, after taking up my suggestion.

This left me with clients who truly wanted me to do their horses and not because I had their arm twisted. The ones who tried my competitors down the road and came back usually had an increased sense of appreciation for what I offered them and/or their horses. There were of course a handful who didn’t come back but that’s fine and just meant that the other farrier was better at meeting that particular clients needs (whether that be a better shoeing job, more appealing chit-chat or a lower price).

I also found the farriers who were hung up on trying to force their clients to come back time and time again were also the farriers most likely to be stressed out about one thing or another.

I think the best approach to encouraging clients to keep coming back is to make them genuinely want to come back. And allowing them to come and go (if they really want to) shouldn’t make much difference. If the client likes the overall farrier service offering then they’re unlikely ever to want to change.

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Hoof flares

Q: My horse’s feet seem to splay outwards at the bottom, then chip. What’s going on and what can the farrier do about it? He is a barefoot horse now and mostly gets ridden over the farm and a bit at the beach.

Kim, Henderson

A: Hi Kim. What you’re describing may be what we refer to as ‘flares’.

In an ideal horse, the outside of the hoof wall should be in a straight line from coronet to ground. That is, regardless of the angle of the hoof wall (which is another topic), it should be straight and consistent from top to bottom at any one point.

For various reasons (some of which are mentioned below), the hoof can distort and when this happens, the hoof will be forced outwards and away from the original angle causing what we often call a flare. This usually happens gradually over time. In extreme cases, the flare can give the appearance of a ski-jump. We commonly expect to see flares on one or both sides of the hoof.

Flares can be caused by various elements. As they are predominantly a balance abnormality, anything that affects balance can in theory encourage flaring. This includes, unlevel feet, incorrect trimming, over rasping (weakening) of the hoof wall, conformational problems and so on.

One of the most common causes of flares is irregular farrier visits. Leaving the feet too long in between farrier appointments so often causes flares and deviations of the hoof wall.

To prevent flaring, remove the cause to start with but careful realignment of the hoof wall should be done. Depending on the horse, this might be best attempted in one go or over multiple farrier visits. Your own farrier will advise on the best approach. This is usually done by rasping the hoof carefully (but avoiding excessive rasping which may weaken the hoof and cause further flaring) and sometimes, corrective farriery.

It’s important to be aware that flares usually get worse with time or not being removed. A minor flare if left will very often end up being a major distortion.

I expect the chipping problem is associated with the flares. Allowing the hoof wall to become distorted is likely to cause it to weaken or leave it more exposed and susceptible to breaking up/chipping. Addressing the flares will give you a better chance of preventing excessive chipping.

Allowing the hoof to flare/distort also increases the chance of other hoof related issues (seedy toe, laminitis, abscesses to name just a few).

Talk to your farrier and come up with a plan between you that may include them removing the flare and yourself continuing to maintain regular farrier visits.

David Hankin Dip.WCF

this article first appeared in NZ Horse & Pony magazine in February 2010

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Farrier photo

Heating up the horseshoes

This is a O’Dwyer Damascus portable farrier forge

Photo was taken somewhere near Ohoka, Canterbury NZ

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Swedish Sole Hoof Knife – video

Here’s a video just uploaded by AFJ about the Swedish Sole Hoof Knife

I’ve seen vets with them but never used one myself!

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